Importance of healthy lifestyle

Important of healthy lifestyle

Production of energy 

By the oxidation of a molecule of pyruvic acid, one molecule of ATP, five molecules of NADH and 1 molecule of FADH, is formed.  3 molecules of ATP are obtained from one molecule of NADH and 2 molecules of ATP from one molecule of FADH.  Thus 1+ (3x5) + (2 x 1) = 18 molecules of ATP are formed from one molecule of pyruvic acid.  Two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed from one molecule of glucose, giving 36 molecules of ATP.  2 ATP molecules also have the advantage during glycolysis.  Therefore, respiration of one molecule of glucose yields 2+ 36 = 38 ATP molecules.  Bronchial carbohydrates, fats and proteins are the main bronchial substances.  First is the respiration of carbohydrates, followed by fat.  Protein respiration occurs only after the carbohydrate and fat reserves are exhausted.

Nutrients

Nutrients are those substances, which are necessary for the operation and editing of various types of biological functions in organisms, are called nutrients.  On the basis of utility, these nutrients produce 

four types of energy:

 Energy manufactures :- nutrients that produce energy.  Such as fats and carbohydrates.  

Metabolic controller:-  Nutrients that control various metabolic functions of the body.  Such as - Vitamins, salts.

Growth and building materials

nutrients that are made by the growth and development of the body. 

 

Complete oxidation of 1 gram of glucose yields 4.2kcal energy.  Performs the work of repairing the breakdown of the body.  Like - protein. 

1 genetic material: nutrients that carry genetic properties from one generation to another.  Like - nucleic acid.

Following nutrients are required for various functions in human body - 1.  Carbohydrates, 2. Proteins, 3. Vitamins, and Water.  4. Fats, 5. Nucleic acids, 6. Water and 7. Minerals - salts.  1.

Carbohydrates:

Organic substances consisting of 1: 2: 1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are called carbohydrates.  50-75% of the body's energy requirement is met .

There are three types of carbohydrates 

(a) Mono saccharide :- This is the simplest form of carbohydrate like glucose, glactose, manose, triose etc 

(b) Die saccharides: A di glucose + glactose lactose saccharides are formed by combining two glucose + glucose → maltose molecules of the same or glucose + fructose → sucrose different mono saccharides.  Such as maltose, sucrose and lactose. 

(c) Poly Saccharides: Long chain insoluble poly saccharides are formed by the addition of several molecules of mono saccharides.  It is found in the outer skeleton and cellulose of Arthropoda.  Other examples are starch glycogen, chitin etc.

Major functions of carbohydrates 

(a) To meet the energy requirement of the body by oxidation.  

(b) To act like accumulation of food in the body.  

(c) Producing Vitamin C.  

(d) Producing nucleic acids.  

(e) Creating external skeletons of animals.

Major sources of carbohydrates: 

wheat, rice, maize, millet, potato, sweet potato, turnip.

Protein

◆The first use of the word protein was J.  Berzelius did.  Protein: It is a complex organic compound made up of 20 amino acids.  About 15% of the human body is made up of protein.  Nitrogen is found in all proteins.  Protein is responsible for both energy production and body repair. 

◆Human body needs 20 types of protein, out of which 10 its body is synthesized by itself and the remaining 10 are obtained by food. 

◆Soybeans and peanuts are rich in protein.

◆A working woman should take 45 grams of protein daily.

Types of Proteins 

(a) Simple proteins :- Those proteins, which are made up of only amino acids, are called simple proteins.  Examples: albumins, globulins, histones, etc.

(b) Conjugated Proteins:-  Proteins, whose molecules are also associated with groups, are called conjugate proteins.  Examples - chromoprotein, glycoprotein etc.

(c) Proteins derived Proteins,:-  which are formed from aqueous decomposition of natural proteins, are called derived proteins.  Examples - Proteins, peptones, peptides.  

Important functions of proteins 

(a) They participate in the formation of cells, organisms and tissues.

(b) They are necessary for physical growth.  Their lack stops physical development.  Protein deficiency in children causes diseases like Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.

c) They give energy to the body when needed.

d) They act as bio-catalysts and biological controllers.

e) Genetics control the development of symptoms. 

(f)  They are also helpful in convection. 

In this disease, the hands and feet of the children become thin and the stomach turns outward.  In this disease, the muscles of children become loose.

Fats

 3. Fats:  Fat is an ester of glycerol and fatty acids.

◆Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in different amounts in it.

◆Fats are usually in solid state at 20 ° C temperature, but if they are in liquid state at this temperature, they are called 'oil'.

◆There are two types of fatty acids - saturated and unsaturated. 

◆Unsaturated fatty acids are found in fish oils and vegetable oils.  Only coconut oil and palm oil are examples of saturated oil. 

◆1 gram of fat produces 9.3 kcal of energy. 

◆Normally an adult person should get 20-30% energy from the populated.

◆They are synthesized in mitochondria in the body.  

The main function of fat 

(a) It provides energy to the body.  

(b) It does not allow body heat to accumulate under the skin.

(c) It produces taste in food and makes the food interesting.

(d) It protects various body parts from injuries.  

◆Due to lack of fat, the skin becomes dry, weight is reduced and the growth of the body is stopped.

◆Excess of fat causes the body to become fat, cause heart disease and increase blood pressure. 

Vitamin:- Funk invented the vitamin in 1911 AD.  I did  It is a type of organic compound.  They do not provide any calories, but they are very important for the rule of chemical reactions in the metabolism of the body.  It is also called defensive matter.